Automobile Access

Bike Lane Access

Traffic Volume

Transportation

Diesel Particulate Matter

Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Ozone

Clean Environment

Park Access

Tree Canopy

Neighborhood

Above Poverty

Employed

Per Capita Income

Economic

Census Response

Voting

Social

Insured Adults

Healthcare Access

Homeownership

Housing Habitability

Severely Cost Burdened Low-Income Homeowners

Severely Cost Burdened Low-Income Renters

Uncrowded Housing

Housing

Bachelor's Education

High School Enrollment

Preschool Enrollment

Education

Outdoor Workers

Supermarket Access

Two Parent Households

Library Access

Safe Drinking Water

Public Transit Access

Decision Support

Everybody should have safe, accessible and convenient transportation options to get to work and other destinations, especially if they do not own or have access to a car. Lack of access to a car should not limit people’s access to opportunities. Getting around by foot, bike, and transit also creates opportunities for physical activity, encourages social cohesion, and reduces contributions to climate change and air pollution. Having safe, adequate, and accessible transportation options has been linked to improved physical and mental health, physical activity, employment outcomes, medical care, and resiliency during disasters. For households and individuals without access to a car, including many low-income individuals and people of color, public transportation, active transportation, and shared mobility options can be critical links to jobs and other health supportive destinations that provide essential goods and services. These transportation options can also be cheaper alternatives to driving and help people save on the costs of owning and operating a car.

Walking, bicycling, and using public transportation allows people to get regular exercise. The U.S. Surgeon General recommends at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week, and most people can reach that goal simply by walking or biking to work or other destinations, while also building physical activity into their daily lives. This can add up: nearly a third of public transportation users are physically active for 30 minutes or more each day just from walking to and from their pickup location.

  Studies have shown that people who use public transportation for any reason were less likely to be sedentary or obese, taking 30% more steps and walking 8.3 more minutes per day than people who mostly drove everywhere.

 Walking to and from public transportation can also save people money on healthcare costs. One study estimated lifetime savings of $5,550 per person.

However, many Utah cities have developed infrastructure that favors individual car use and offers limited alternatives. These limitations can make it difficult for those without access to a car to get around, especially in rural areas where destinations are further apart. Lack of adequate transportation options can negatively impact one’s health, especially if it makes it difficult to get to a job, healthy food options, health care services, and other destinations. Where transit service is scarce, when routes are cut back, and when sidewalks and bicycle facilities are lacking, people have less access to goods and services, employment, and other opportunities. Low-income individuals and people of color, who use active and public transportation options the most, are greatly impacted by lack of access.

 During extreme heat events and other climate-related events, having access to public transportation can greatly impact the health outcomes of these communities. In some cases, transportation is required for survival and sufficient access to the transit system during these events is essential.

This indicator measures the percentage of households with access to a car. Places with a high percentage of people without cars tend to have a higher number of people walking, bicycling and taking public transportation to get around, even if the existing infrastructure (i.e. sidewalks, bike lanes, bus stops) and service (i.e. bus routes, rail lines) is inadequate.

Besser, L. M., & Dannenberg, A. L. (2005). Walking to public transit: steps to help meet physical activity recommendations. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 29(4), 273–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2005.06.010

Lopez–Zetina, J., Lee, H. & Friis, R. (2006).The Link between Obesity and the Built Environment. Evidence from an Ecological Analysis of Obesity and Vehicle Miles of Travel in California. Health & Place, 12(4): 656–664; Edwards, R. (2008). Public Transit, Obesity, and Medical Costs: Assessing the Magnitudes. Preventive Medicine, 46(1): 14–21; Frank, L., Andresen, M. & Schmid, T. (2004). Obesity Relationships with Community Design, Physical Activity, and Time Spent in Cars. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27(2): 87–96.

Edwards R. D. (2008). Public transit, obesity, and medical costs: assessing the magnitudes. Preventive Medicine, 46(1), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.10.004

Urban Institute. (2020, October 6). The unequal commute: Examining inequities in four metro areas’ transportation systems. Urban Institute. Retrieved from https://www.urban.org/features/unequal-commute

“Resilience” is defined as “the capacity of any entity – an individual, a community, an organization, or a natural system – to prepare for disruptions, to recover from shocks and stresses, and to adapt and grow from a disruptive

Improving transportation options for those without access to a car requires a range of strategies, including planning, investment, and community engagement. There are differences in the strategies needed in urban and rural areas, with public transportation and active transportation being more extensive and feasible to build in more populated areas, and more flexible mobility options needed in rural areas. But overall the goal is to provide access to opportunities that improve health outcomes and support healthy community conditions (i.e. access to quality jobs, good schools, grocery stores and farmers’ markets, clinical care, etc). Transportation strategies can also ensure resilience.

Since most people without a car rely on public transportation, local governments and transit agencies should prioritize 

, both by expanding frequency and routes available, while also ensuring the existing system is maintained. Local governments should also explore different 

 to lower the cost and incentivize greater use of these services. Communities should also 

 by investing in new infrastructure (sidewalks, bicycle facilities and amenities that make it safer and more convenient to walk and bike), especially near transit stops to improve the first and last mile of travel. They should also support education and encouragement programs in schools and the community, and passing policies like Vision Zero and Complete Streets that set long-term goals for increasing walking and bicycling while also improving safety. 

 is needed, and local governments should consider partnering with ride-sharing or car-sharing companies, encouraging carpooling, and identifying creative and innovative mobility options to get more people without access to a car to where they need to go.

Local governments should also think about 

 and how building and preserving affordable housing near transit and other mobility networks can facilitate greater rates of walking, bicycling and transit use, while also providing greater access to safety, health supportive destinations, and opportunity. They should also design transportation facilities in ways that reduce the urban heat-island effect and keep people cool while they wait. In planning future investments, local governments should foster 

, which can empower local residents to inform transportation decisions and improve accessibility. Finally, local governments should 

 during emergencies and climate related events for people who walk, bike and take public transportation, and otherwise do not have ready access to a car.

Improving transportation options for people without a car can come with a high immediate price tag, especially related to infrastructure investments. There are a number of funding sources and technical assistance programs that can support local government efforts to build more resilient infrastructure and ensure everyone has adequate transportation options. The Utah Transportation Commission, in consultation with UDOT and the state’s Metropolitan Planning Organizations, developed a written prioritization process to guide the decision-making process for programming.  

Transit Transportation Investment Fund (TTIF)

 monies for transportation capacity projects.  Some local governments and transit agencies have their own sources of active transportation, walking, and bicycling funding. For more information, see: The Utah Department of Transportation’s 

Lower the cost and incentivize greater use of public transportation and other mobility services.

Emerging

Payment Options

Equity

Sufficient Evidence

Discount Transit Pass Programs

Ensure public transportation routes are accessible and frequent enough to get people to and from work and other essential destinations. 

Pollution

Climate

Equipment Investments

Transit Service Expansion

Cool Transit Facilities

Transit Fix-It-First

Data can be collected, shared, analyzed and used to identify community needs and prioritize strategies to advance equity.

Healthy Neighborhoods

Health

Strong Evidence

Collect, Analyze, and Use Disaggregated Data

Ensure that people without access to a car are able to get to safety during extreme weather events and other climate events.

Best Practice

Emergency Response Plans

Transportation to Emergency Facilities

Support resident engagement, social connections, and climate awareness, so that active commuters and those without a car are empowered and inform transportation investment decisions.

Transit Rider Surveys

Community Engagement and Connection

Community Organizing

Pedestrian & Bicycle Counts and Surveys

Promising

Effective Community Engagement

Ensure that private transportation providers, including ride-sharing, car-sharing and bike-sharing, are accessible and affordable for those without access to cars.

Integrate Special Considerations for Rural Areas

Shared Transportation Systems

Transportation Demand Management (TDM)

Demand-Responsive Transit Services

Improve sidewalks, bicycle facilities, and first and last mile connections to public transportation to ensure that riders can travel safely in their communities. 

Safe Routes to School Programs

Traffic Calming

Physical Activity

Trails, Linear Parks, and Greenways

Policies Encouraging Safe Walking and Bicycling

Active Transportation Plans

Active Transportation Infrastructure

Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Education and Encouragement Programs

Plan for affordable housing, jobs, retail and other providers of essential goods and services in walkable communities and near transit, in order to provide greater accessibility for active commuters and those without a car.

Policy Guide

Automobile Access

References